{"id":140,"date":"2021-07-02T19:39:18","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T17:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/?p=140"},"modified":"2021-07-02T19:39:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T17:39:18","slug":"ex-offo-obhajoba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/2021\/07\/02\/ex-offo-obhajoba\/","title":{"rendered":"Ex offo obhajoba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1va na spravedliv\u00fd proces je, mimo jin\u00e9, i pr\u00e1vo na obhajobu &#8211; to ostatn\u011b zaru\u010duje listina z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod v \u010dl. 37 odst. 2. Org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou proto v\u017edy povinny umo\u017enit kontakt s obh\u00e1jcem, p\u0159\u00edtomnost obh\u00e1jce \u010di p\u0159evzet\u00ed obhajoby jako takov\u00e9, p\u0159eje-li si doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba sv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na obh\u00e1jce vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak obhajoba nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho, n\u00fdbr\u017e povinnost\u00ed. Jde o tzv. p\u0159\u00edpady nutn\u00e9 obhajoby, kter\u00e9 jsou vymezeny v \u00a7 36 a 36a trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Jde zejm\u00e9na o p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>obvin\u011bn\u00fd je obvin\u011bn z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, jeho\u017e horn\u00ed hranice p\u0159esahuje 5 let (nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad),<\/li><li>obvin\u011bn\u00fd je omezen na svobod\u011b (vazba, v\u00fdkon trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, ale i psychiatrick\u00e1 nemocnice atd.),<\/li><li>obvin\u011bn\u00fd je omezen na sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vnosti,<\/li><li>jde o \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proti uprchl\u00e9mu,<\/li><li>kon\u00e1 se hlavn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed proti zadr\u017een\u00e9mu,<\/li><li>jde o mladistv\u00e9ho (mladistv\u00fd mus\u00ed m\u00edt obh\u00e1jce v\u017edy dle \u00a7 42 z\u00e1kona o soudnictv\u00ed ve v\u011bcech mladistv\u00fdch).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je doty\u010dn\u00e9 osob\u011b d\u00e1na lh\u016fta pro zvolen\u00ed si obh\u00e1jce (tzv. na plnou moc). Ne v\u017edy se v\u0161ak doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba rozhodne, \u017ee si obh\u00e1jce zvol\u00ed &#8211; \u010dasto z d\u016fvodu nemajetnosti. Aby proto bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno pr\u00e1vo na obhajobu ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161em bez rozd\u00edlu, obsahuje n\u00e1\u0161 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d institut tzv. ex offo obh\u00e1jce neboli obh\u00e1jce ustanoven\u00e9ho soudem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Pokud si proto doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba obh\u00e1jce nezvol\u00ed, a\u010d jsou d\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edpady nutn\u00e9 obhajoby, ustanov\u00ed j\u00ed obh\u00e1jce soud. Soud p\u0159itom vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze seznamu ex offo obh\u00e1jc\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd soud si vede vlastn\u00ed seznam. Do seznamu soud zap\u00ed\u0161e obh\u00e1jce na jeho vlastn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost &#8211; tedy ne ka\u017ed\u00fd advok\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ustanoven jako ex offo obh\u00e1jce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">V seznamu ex offo obh\u00e1jc\u016f jsou jednotliv\u00ed obh\u00e1jci se\u0159azeni abecedn\u011b a soud je ustanovuje postupn\u011b. To pro obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho znamen\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee si nem\u016f\u017ee vybrat, kdo bude jeho ex offo obh\u00e1jcem. Ani obh\u00e1jce si v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vyb\u00edrat a obhajobu je povinen p\u0159evz\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Mnoho lid\u00ed se v\u0161ak myln\u011b domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1klady ex offo obh\u00e1jce nese automaticky st\u00e1t a \u017ee obvin\u011bn\u00fd nic neplat\u00ed &#8211; nen\u00ed tomu tak v\u017edy. Je sice pravdou \u017ee odm\u011bnu ustanoven\u00e9ho obh\u00e1jce plat\u00ed st\u00e1t a advok\u00e1t svou odm\u011bnu vy\u00fa\u010dtuje soudu, nicm\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1t je n\u00e1sledn\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bn \u017e\u00e1dat n\u00e1hradu t\u011bchto n\u00e1klad\u016f po obvin\u011bn\u00e9m. Aby k tomu nedo\u0161lo, mus\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00fd podat soudu \u017e\u00e1dost o obhajobu bezplatnou, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b o obhajobu za sn\u00ed\u017eenou odm\u011bnu, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak mus\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee nem\u00e1 na n\u00e1klady obhajoby dostatek prost\u0159edk\u016f. Teprve pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee soud p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b rozhodnout, \u017ee se obvin\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na bezplatnou obhajobu a \u017ee n\u00e1klady obhajoby ponese st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1va na spravedliv\u00fd proces je, mimo jin\u00e9, i pr\u00e1vo na obhajobu &#8211; to ostatn\u011b zaru\u010duje listina z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140\/revisions\/141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}