{"id":151,"date":"2022-02-10T16:48:17","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T15:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/?p=151"},"modified":"2022-02-10T16:48:18","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T15:48:18","slug":"poskozeny-obet-trestneho-cinu-a-pravo-na-bezplatnou-pravni-pomoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/2022\/02\/10\/poskozeny-obet-trestneho-cinu-a-pravo-na-bezplatnou-pravni-pomoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u0161kozen\u00fd, ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a pr\u00e1vo na bezplatnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ve spole\u010dnosti je pom\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1mou skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee pachatel trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu m\u00e1 za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na bezplatnou obhajobu, resp. pr\u00e1vo na ustanoven\u00ed obh\u00e1jce ex offo<\/em>. M\u00e1lokdo v\u0161ak ji\u017e v\u00ed, \u017ee na bezplatn\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed advok\u00e1tem m\u00e1 n\u00e1rok i \u201edruh\u00e1 strana\u201c, tedy ten, kdo je sp\u00e1chanou trestnou \u010dinnost\u00ed po\u0161kozen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Po\u0161kozen\u00e1 osoba se p\u0159itom za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee stejn\u011b jako pachatel dom\u00e1hat toho, aby jej\u00ed z\u00e1jmy v\u00a0trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed h\u00e1jil advok\u00e1t na n\u00e1klady st\u00e1tu, nebo alespo\u0148 za sn\u00ed\u017eenou odm\u011bnu. Nejedn\u00e1 se p\u0159itom o nic zanedbateln\u00e9ho \u2013 v\u017edy\u0165 hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem advok\u00e1ta po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho (tzv. zmocn\u011bnce) je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u201evysouzen\u00ed\u201c n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody, a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u00e9\u017e i nemajetkov\u00e9 \u00fajmy, kterou po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu pachatel trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem zp\u016fsobil. M\u00e1lokter\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu je v\u0161ak tato skute\u010dnost zn\u00e1ma, v\u00a0d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e se pak v\u00a0praxi \u010dasto po\u0161kozen\u00fd pokou\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody s\u00e1m, bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a pravidel trestn\u00edho procesu, nebo se je\u0161t\u011b h\u016f\u0159 rad\u011bji trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u016fbec ne\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed a nech\u00e1 sv\u016fj n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody “plavat”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010delem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je proto ve stru\u010dnosti shrnout, kdo je ob\u011bt\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, kdo je po\u0161kozen\u00fdm, a jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed tyto subjekty pr\u00e1va, a to zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0ohledem na pr\u00e1vo na bezplatnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a jej\u00ed pr\u00e1va jsou vymezena z\u00e1konem \u010d. 45\/2013 Sb., o ob\u011btech trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tento z\u00e1kon p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozli\u0161uje mezi kategori\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zranitelnou ob\u011bt\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu. A zat\u00edmco \u201eb\u011b\u017enou\u201c ob\u011bt\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu je ka\u017ed\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e9 bylo nebo m\u011blo b\u00fdt trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem ubl\u00ed\u017eeno na zdrav\u00ed, zp\u016fsobena majetkov\u00e1 nebo nemajetkov\u00e1 \u00fajma nebo na jej\u00ed\u017e \u00fakor se pachatel trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem obohatil, pak do kategorie zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zraniteln\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed spadaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011bti trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. d\u00edt\u011b,<\/li>
    2. osoba vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku,<\/li>
    3. osoba posti\u017eena fyzick\u00fdm \u010di ment\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u0161kozen\u00edm,<\/li>
    4. ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0lidmi, zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di teroristick\u00e9ho \u00fatoku,<\/li>
    5. ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu v\u00a0sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti,<\/li>
    6. ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, kter\u00fd zahrnoval n\u00e1tlak, n\u00e1sil\u00ed \u010di pohr\u016f\u017eku n\u00e1sil\u00edm,<\/li>
    7. ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu sp\u00e1chan\u00e9ho pro p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0n\u00e1rodu, rase, etnicit\u011b, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed atd. (tzv. hate crimes) a<\/li>
    8. ob\u011b\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu sp\u00e1chan\u00e9ho ve prosp\u011bch organizovan\u00e9 zlo\u010dineck\u00e9 skupiny.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Je tedy patrn\u00e9, \u017ee okruh zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zraniteln\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161irok\u00fd a jsou do n\u011bj za\u0159azeny ty ob\u011bti, na jejich\u017e ochran\u011b m\u00e1 st\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1jem \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e pro jejich v\u011bk (d\u011bti, d\u016fchodci), tak pro povahu trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, kter\u00e1 ob\u011bt\u00ed mohla ot\u0159\u00e1st a zp\u016fsobit ji i z\u00e1va\u017enou psychickou \u00fajmu (zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, terorismus, rasov\u011b motivovan\u00e9 \u00fatoky apod.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Bezplatnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc pak z\u00e1kon p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u011btem z okruhu zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zraniteln\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed. Ty maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na poskytnut\u00ed bezplatn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci, a to od t\u011bch advok\u00e1t\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou dobrovoln\u011b zaps\u00e1ni v registru poskytovatel\u016f pomoci ob\u011btem trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rozsah t\u00e9to bezplatn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci ur\u010duje ka\u017ed\u00fd advok\u00e1t individu\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zraniteln\u00e9 ob\u011bti mohou \u017e\u00e1dat o bezplatnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc i na\u0161i advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159. V r\u00e1mci bezplatn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci poskytujeme a\u017e dv\u011b hodinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed konzultace, a nad r\u00e1mec toho pom\u00e1h\u00e1me bezplatn\u011b ob\u011btem nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2013 d\u011btem do 15 let v\u011bku \u2013 pro kter\u00e9 bezplatn\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165ujeme i p\u0159\u00edpravu a pod\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a doprovod k\u00a0v\u00fdslechu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Po\u0161kozen\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Po\u0161kozen\u00fdm je podle trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du ten:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. komu bylo trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem ubl\u00ed\u017eeno na zdrav\u00ed,<\/li>
      2. komu byla zp\u016fsobena majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda nebo nemajetkov\u00e1 \u00fajma a<\/li>
      3. na jeho\u017e \u00fakor se pachatel obohatil.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu jsou p\u0159izn\u00e1na v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 procesn\u00ed pr\u00e1va: m\u016f\u017ee nahl\u00ed\u017eet do spisu, m\u016f\u017ee se \u00fa\u010dastnit hlavn\u00edho l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed, ale zejm\u00e9na m\u016f\u017ee navrhovat, aby soud v\u00a0odsuzuj\u00edc\u00edm rozsudku ulo\u017eil ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu povinnost nahradit po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobenou \u00fajmu. Je p\u0159itom t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u00fajmy nen\u00ed hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 t\u00edm je rozhodnut\u00ed o vin\u011b a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m trestu ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, a m\u00e1-li uplatn\u011bn\u00fd n\u00e1rok po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho trhliny, odk\u00e1\u017ee jej soud zpravidla do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00edho a v\u00a0odsuzuj\u00edc\u00edm rozsudku mu nic nep\u0159izn\u00e1. P\u0159\u00edpravu od\u0161kod\u0148ovac\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu proto nen\u00ed radno podcenit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Po\u0161kozen\u00fd se v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pochopiteln\u011b m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1t zastoupit advok\u00e1tem \u2013 zmocn\u011bncem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 obdobn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed a obdobn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jako advok\u00e1t obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se tedy m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dastnit v\u0161ech \u00fakon\u016f trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u00e1rok na bezplatn\u00e9 zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed zmocn\u011bncem pak trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u011bmto po\u0161kozen\u00fdm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. po\u0161kozen\u00fd, kter\u00e9mu byla \u00famysln\u011b zp\u016fsobena t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 \u00fajma na zdrav\u00ed,<\/li>
        2. poz\u016fstal\u00fd po ob\u011bti, kter\u00e1 byla trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem usmrcena,<\/li>
        3. po\u0161kozen\u00fd, kter\u00fd uplatnil n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u00fajmy, a nen\u00ed-li vzhledem k povaze \u010di v\u00fd\u0161i \u00fajmy zastoupen\u00ed zmocn\u011bncem zjevn\u011b nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9,<\/li>
        4. po\u0161kozen\u00fd mlad\u0161\u00ed 18 let a<\/li>
        5. zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zraniteln\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          U prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed p\u0159itom plat\u00ed, \u017ee po\u0161kozen\u00fd mus\u00ed pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va na bezplatn\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed advok\u00e1tem prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee nem\u00e1 na odm\u011bnu advok\u00e1ta dostatek prost\u0159edk\u016f. Naopak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zraniteln\u00e9 ob\u011bti maj\u00ed n\u00e1rok na bezplatn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed bez dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nespornou v\u00fdhodu m\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00fd oproti obvin\u011bn\u00e9mu v\u00a0tom, \u017ee si sv\u00e9ho advok\u00e1ta, kter\u00fd jej bude zastupovat na n\u00e1klady st\u00e1tu, m\u016f\u017ee zvolit dle libosti. Obvin\u011bn\u00fd si naproti tomu ustanoven\u00e9ho obh\u00e1jce volit nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Na\u0161e advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 m\u00e1 s \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm zastupov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u0161kozen\u00fdch osob v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, a to v\u010detn\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1va na bezplatn\u00e9 zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nev\u00e1hejte se na n\u00e1s proto obr\u00e1tit, byla-li V\u00e1m trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem zp\u016fsobena \u0161koda.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Ve spole\u010dnosti je pom\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1mou skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee pachatel trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu m\u00e1 za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na bezplatnou obhajobu, resp. pr\u00e1vo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151\/revisions\/152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akbrezina.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}